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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

M. GALLY.

MEGHANGAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT. No. 279,933.. fggpmed June 26, 188s.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. M. GALLY.

MECHANICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

No. 279,933. Patent'eddune 26, 1883.

Wrzen@ amg@ (No Model.) v3 sheets-sheen s. M. GALLY.

MBGHANIGAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

UNITED STATES PATENT vrrlcn.

MERRITT GALLY, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.

MECHANICAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 279,933, dated June 26,1883.

Application filed October 9, 188i'. (No model.) Patented in England July1l, 1892, No. 3,291.

.To all whom, it may concern,.-

' York city, in the county and State of New .reed-tubes, wind-chest, &c.

York, have invented a new and useful Improved Mechanical MusicalInstrument, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent of Great Britain,through Mr. v George Downing, No. 3,291, A. D. 1882, July 11,) of whichthe following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to produce a small and compact mechanicalmusical instrument, easily portable, possessing a good quality of tone,with great volume and power.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view of theinstrument, the construction of the case, the bellows, wind-chest,reed-pipe, reflector, the operating music-sheet, with its rollers, andthe driving motor-shaft and connections of the instrument. Fig. 2 is aside view of the rolls, with j ournal-bearings and the driving-crank ofthe instrument.` Fig. 8 is a perspective of the comb of pipes, connectedtogether to facilitate adjustment and removal. Figs. 3 and 3" aremodificationsof form of pipes shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 4t is a sectionalview, showing construction of double Fig. 5 is a plan ofthe upper partof the instrument; and FiO. 6 is a longitudinal section of thewind-chest and pendent reed-tubes.

. Small mechanical musical instruments as ordinarily constructed. areveryi defective as to volume, power, and sustaining quality of tone,especially in performing music in slow time, as with the ordinaryconstruction of the reedaction the necessarily small bellows is entirelyinadequate, unless operatedV so rapidly as to give the music a jerky andimproper rendering. The instrument shown in the drawings is notnecessarily larger than an ordinary orguinette, and yet its peculiar andnovel construction secures a tone of at least fourfold volume and power,a sustaining-power sufficient for the performance of any kind of music,and the carrying quality of a large pipeorgan. It also possesses a muchmore desirable and pleasing quality of tone than can be secured by theordinary use of reeds. The instrument represented in the drawings is areed-pipe organetto operated by means of a perforated musie-sheet, andon account of its powerful and peculiar tone may properly be called aclarioneello.

In Fig. 1, C D E represent the bellows of the instrument, which areoperated by means of an .and air-chest is shown in Fio. 1, and also inFig. 4, the ordinary construction being shown in Fig. 4 in dotted linesfor illustrating the comparative action ofthe two systems and theimprovement ofthe new over the old.

In ordinary manual reed-organs the tubes for the reeds are much shorterthan thereedblocks to which the tongues are attached, the butt of thereed being allowed to project beyond the mouth of the tube. By this construction the air is brought to the tongue in a direction at an angle tothe plane of the reed, which secures'the best tone. rIhis feature ofconstruction and its advantages have been overlooked by those makinginstruments to be operated by perforated music-sheets passing over theend of the reed-tubes, and the tubes have been elongated to cover theentire reed, as shown by the dotted lines, Fig. 4L, thus producing aharsh and unpleasant tone. In my improved construction (shown by theseotionlines) I make the tube c of as near regular organ length aspossible, and eut away the butt of the reed to allow the music-sheet topass over ltheopening of the tube without obstruction. I then enlargethe tube c internally and contract the outlet more than itsmoutlropening, in order to break the tension of the current of air andallow the tongue'of the reed free opportunity for vibration. A In theold construction (shown by the dotted lines) the opening through thereed into the air-chest S is from the line 1 2 to the end of the reed,nearly the entire length of the tongue, producing great waste of air andholding the tongue in a constant tension-current, unfavorable to goodresults as to character of tone. I confine the current of air to theextreme end of the vibrat- IOO ing tongue. I then place behind the reedsa second set of tubes, c, similar to tubes c, and contract their outletsa. The current ot' air t-hrough the reeds is thus detlected, taking thedirection shown by the curved lines, and thus reacting upon thereed-tongue secures the best results with a small consumption ot' air.

In order to economize s pace and secure as large an air-chest aspossible, and to still t'urther improve the quality ot' the tone of thereed, I hang the compound tube-board within the chest S l, surrouiulingthe tube-board with air which is under tension by the action ofthebellows. In order that the tension ot' the air in the chest S T shallremain as even as possible and not be disturbed by the movement of theexhansters ot' thebcllows, I give the chest as large capacity aspossible and contract as much as practicable the trunk 7, leading to thebellows. In the drawings the reed is shown in position l'orexhaust-bellows, but the construction equally valuable with reversedreed and pressure-bellows.

y means of the construction thus lar described I secure a full, clear,and sustaining tone to the reeds, and the next thing desirable is toincrease the power and volume ot' tone and secure the carrying qualityot' an ordinary pipe-organ. The pitch ot' an ordinary organpipe isdetermined by its length, the (fi-pipe, beginning the diapasoill range,being four or eight vl'cet long, which would make the pipe for thelowest note ot an organetto, adding the necessary length ot' foot,nearly three t'eet in length. A regular reed-pipe ot' an organcorresponds in pitch-length to the pitch ot' the reed, and requires astill longer foot. Such pipes could not be used on an ordinaryorganetto. By means oi a novel construction shown in Fig. 1, I preservethe pitch oli' the reed without a corresponding pitch-length to thepipe, and at the same time secure the desired volume, power, andcarrying quality of tone. In an ordinary reed-pipe the reed is inclosedwithin the foot ofthe pipe, and the pipe speaks only through its bellend, like an ordinary trumpet. Instead ol" this construction, I open amouth, fr, at the i'oot ot' the pipe and divide the vibrating air, onepart passing through the pipe and the other part coming dircctlyi'romt-hc reed. In this respect my invention differs materially, not onlyfrom the ordinary reed-pipe with incl osed reed, butalso from thedevices ot' Goodman, Patent No. 138,851, and Vogel, No. 147,202, the oneiutentionally avoiding the division ot' air necessary to the resultsproduced in my invention, and the other preventing such results by the'use of a covered pipe. In. my invention I use a pipe with open liuc an dplace the reed-cell in such position in respect to the tine and make theopening at the l'oot ot' the pipesmall enough to secure a positivedivision ofthe Avibrating air, which produces not only a peculiar tone,but the carrying 7 effect ot' aregul ar liuto-mouth organ-pipe. 3y thismeans I preserve the pitch ot' the reed without a correspondingpitch-length of pipe, and :find that a very small pipe, It, will producethe proper modifying ett'ect as to volume, power, and carrying quality.As the iloot of the pipe is open, it enables me to pass the music-sheetthrough the opening between the reed and pipe proper.

W'ith this construction I also find that either pressure or exhaust aircan be advantageously used.

In order to make the construction as compact as possible, I make a combot' these small pipes, as R, Fig. 8, and, anypair o t' the reeds ot' therange Seldom, it' ever, speak together, I use only one pipe in thisparticular instrument to each pair of reeds. In instruments where s paceis not limited I use a pipe l'or each reed. To secure a proper speakingol' the reeds should any pair speak together, I open the side equallywith the 'l'ront ot' each pipe, which enables the reed to speak into thenext tlue. l imitate the tone ot' dilterent instruments with these shortpipes by varying their shape very much .in the same manner as with the.regular reed-pipe. For example, the trumpet tone is secured by theshape shown in Fig. il, and the clarionette by the shape shown in Fig.Il".

I make dilterent combs composed ot' pipes ol` these or other sha-pesl'orimitating any desired instrument, and with the end ilanges, t, madeto iit slide 'ays in the fr'amewm'k ol' the instrument, as shown in Fig.5, I can intcr change the combs at will, thusproducing a vari ety inkind ot` music with very l ittle expense.

In connection with the comb ol.` pipes It, l also use the compoundreflector Y l'or modil'v ing and varying the quality ot' tone at will.Tones vary in quality as reflected from planes placed at differentangles, and combined retlections give the most pleasing results. Itherct'orc use for this simple instrument a hinged reflector withcompound reflecting faces, as shown, which in different positionsproduces different and desirable .results as to quality of tone.

In operating thisinstriunent, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, the music-sheet 'b is rolled from roller IL onto take-up roller Il. by means ot'crank K, which also works the bellows ol' the instrument. rIlhe rollerI-Iis mounted in bear ings which bring its gear directly in. connectionwiththe (Iriver ofthe driving crank-shaft J, and is driven by eitherfriction or toothgear, as desired. Roller II is i'urnishcdwith two setsoijournal-bcarings, N and I. Then the journals a e in the bearings I?the roller is in driving position as to the driving-shalt .T5 but whenthe roller is lil'ted into its bearings N it moves ireely, and themusic-sheet may be rcwound by means oif crank L and removed from theinstrument to be replaced by another piece of music. The 'flanges ofroller I are permanently attached to the journals ot' the instrument, asshown in 5, and the roll is removed by drawing one ol" these flanges toone side against the action ot' spring Q.

Th e

TOO

IIO

rollers fit into the ianges, which are supplied l connect with thewind-chest placed at a diswith splines for turning the roll..

A sectional plan of the com-pound tubeboard and wind-chest is `shown inFig. 6. The double tube-board@ a is formed of two ordinary tube-boards,glued back to back, with a thin partition between them, through whichpartition are cut the openings for the air-passages through the reed.

In constructing the instrument, the bellows, reed-chest, and all theworking parts are attached to the top piece, A, which piece is screwedto the body of the case.

By removing the screws of the top piece it can be lifted from the casewith the entire instrument intact for repairs or adjustment. rlhisconstruction is of great utility.

In the foregoingv specification I have described only what was necessaryto the proper construction of the little instrument shown, reserving atheoretical exposition of the principles introduced in the constructionand operation of thel reed-chest, reed-pipe, Sac., and their generalapplication for another specification.

I claim- 1. rThe reed-cells, in combination with'supplemental cells, thelatter for deiiecting the operating currents of air, the supplementalcells having an opening for the passage of air through the reeds, andanother constricted opening connecting directly with the windchest ofthe instrument.`

2. The combination, with the reed-cells, of supplemental cells havingtheir ducts which tance from the outer wall of the supplemental cell, toproduce a reflex movement of the operating current of air.

3. The reed-pipe with open flue provided with a mouth or opening, of asize substantially as described, at or near the junctionr of the pipeproper with the reed-cell, for dividing the tone of the reed, so that apart of the tone shall pass directly to the open air and a part throughthe pipe.

4. rPhe combination, with the reed-chest, of an independent comb ofpipes constructed to be readily removed and adjusted in position,substantially as specied.

5. The combination, with the soundproducing devices of a musicalinstrument, of a compound reiiector vhaving two or morereflecting-faces', located to receive and reflect the sound,substantially as described, to give to the tone a combination ofreflections.

6. The combination, with the soundproducing devices of amusicalinstrument, ofthe compound reflector, located to give to the tonea combination of reflections, and made adjustable for 'changing theangles of reiiection.

7. The combination, with short reed-cells,

over or outside of which a perforated musicl sheet passes, of reedshaving short butts, or having the ordinary reed-butts cut away,substanti ally as 'and for the purpose speciied.

MERRITT GALLY.

Vitnesses:

L. H. EssnX, Jrivrns YVHITFORD.v

